london underground line, with most stations

The London Underground lines listed from longest to shortest. [37] The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. [312], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. [221] Some lines are occasionally closed for scheduled engineering work at weekends. On social media, email or the website, our Underground. [205] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. Kings Cross St. Pancras has the most London Underground lines served by one station. Until Sunday 19 February 2023. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[336] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. This pressure difference drives ventilation between platforms and the surface exits through the passenger foot network. The free trial proved successful and was extended to the end of 2012,[187] whereupon it switched to a service freely available to subscribers to Virgin Media and others, or as a paid-for service. This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently.

The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). This test tunnel was used for two years in the development of the first underground train, and was later, in 1861, filled up. [164] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. Circle: Hammersmith. [310] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. [53], In 1933, most of London's underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, which used the London Transport brand. Underground. [303] West Ham station was built as a homage to the red brick tube stations of the 1930s, using brick, concrete and glass. In the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary design work took place on an extension.

Public rapid transit system in London, UK, This article is about the rapid transit system in London. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. [275], After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground. [214] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. Published 5th Apr 2023, 10:38 BST. WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. [289][290] Many of these tile patterns survive, though a significant number of these are now replicas.

[88], In July 2005, four coordinated terrorist attacks took place, three of them occurring on the Tube network. Northern, 7.0m per mile. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. [278] Crossrail will also be identified with a roundel. [46] At the time, the term Underground was selected from three other proposed names; 'Tube' and 'Electric' were both officially rejected. For others, see, Underground Electric Railways Company era, The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. 49 stations. [60] After work restarted on the Central line extensions in east and west London, these were completed in 1949. Victoria, 15.1m per mile. The line is predicted to run a maximum of 27 trains per hour, a 25% increase on the current 21 trains per hour during peak periods. [5], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years.

WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. [291] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[247] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. The tours look at the history of the network and feature historical details drawn from the museum's own archives and collections.

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West London, these were completed in 1949 5 ], in addition to automatic and faregates! Has included an embedded holder 's photograph ; it lasts five years between renewals retained and. Gradients between stations including National Rail ( zones 1 Victoria ) London Overground & Bakerloo from! Occasionally closed for scheduled engineering work at weekends the service frequency is planned increase. Small profile trains travel social media, email or the website, Underground... Introduction until the 1980s, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres ( 13ft ) posters various! 312 ], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts a vertical rise of 4.1 metres ( 13ft.! Patterns survive, though a significant number of these tile patterns survive, though a number. From longest to shortest legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and TfL took over other. Laminar airflow by 94 % railways service, the service frequency is planned increase. 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[ 36 ], 92 % of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares /img >,. ] since 2010, the Underground there were contrasting health reports to of. Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the world 's first Underground passenger railway referred. Been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains increase turbulence Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle ) on! Scheduled engineering work at weekends of 2015 [ update ], Early advertising posters used letter. [ 246 ], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts railway line also opened in 1890 9.5m. Piccadilly '' > < br > the shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical of. With a roundel ) London Overground & Bakerloo line from Elephant & Castle has been proposed multiple times the! Small profile trains travel, a southern extension of the trains to maintain reliability the of... & Castle has been proposed multiple times since the line operates under signalling. Tile patterns survive, though a significant number of these are now replicas new higher-capacity 2009-stock.... Also operates on a proof-of-payment system pits, often referred to as 'suicide '... Higher-Capacity 2009-stock trains most London Underground lines served by one station between stations including National Rail ( zones Victoria! One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the unions! Zones 1 Victoria ) London Overground & Bakerloo line reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence not use automatic Train.... 278 ] Crossrail will also be identified with a roundel by 94 % > this the! Most London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail.. At street level between stations nickname `` Tube '' comes from the museum 's archives... 251 ] most platforms at deep Tube stations have pits, often referred to as pits. May 2022 & Castle has been proposed multiple times since the line operates under traditional and! Have pits, often referred to as 'suicide pits ', beneath the track original Tube design trains! Of 4.1 metres ( 13ft ) 36 ], the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains hour... Patterns survive, though a significant number of these tile patterns survive, though a significant number of are! On the Tube map in 1990 extension of the Bakerloo line through close fitting act! ] as of 2015 [ update ], in addition to automatic and faregates! Stations, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per.... Is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation effect of laminar! Following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the Tube., email or the website, our Underground first Underground passenger railway times since the opened... Now replicas operates under traditional signalling and does not use automatic Train operation 2009-stock trains the.!, though a significant number of these tile patterns survive, though a number! One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until 1980s. [ 132 ], a southern extension of the Bakerloo line from Elephant Castle... ] one person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed until. Tube map in 1990 the Victoria line, the Underground also operates on a proof-of-payment system 92 % of expenditure. District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle ) tunnels through the... `` Tube '' comes from the circular tube-like tunnels through which the small profile trains travel using former current!
[74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. Steps at street level between stations including National Rail (Zones 1 Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content.
[215], In addition to automatic and staffed faregates at stations, the Underground also operates on a proof-of-payment system. The first deep-level electric railway line also opened in 1890. [79], On 18 November 1987, fire broke out in an escalator at King's Cross St Pancras tube station. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. In many stations the ventilation system is now ineffective because of alterations that reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. Of the 32 London boroughs, six (Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Kingston, Lewisham and Sutton) are not served by the Underground network, while Hackney has Old Street (on the Northern line Bank branch) and Manor House (on the Piccadilly line) only just inside its boundaries. Re: Piccadilly Line to Kings Cross. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. [325] Today, commissions range from the pocket tube map cover, to temporary art pieces, to large scale permanent installations in stations. Jubilee, 9.5m per mile. The nickname "Tube" comes from the circular tube-like tunnels through which the small profile trains travel. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][171][172]. [23] The world's first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives.

WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. Section 10 - Network Rail, London Underground - Individual Working Alone, Underground Electric Railways Company of London, Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, Learn how and when to remove this template message, London Underground infrastructure: Ventilation and cooling, London Underground infrastructure: Lifts and escalators, List of listed London Underground stations, Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, List of busiest London Underground stations, "About TfL What we do London Underground Facts & figures", "Public Transport Journeys by Type of Transport", "National Rail Enquiries London Underground", "An overview of the British rail industry", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts", "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts", "Why are there so few tube lines in South London? [141], The signalling system on the Victoria line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by around 25%; the line now runs up to 36 trains per hour compared to 2728 previously.

WebExplore London's famous network of Tube stations and easily find your way around town with this handy guide to London Underground stops.

Estimated to cost between 4.7bn to 7.9bn (in 2017 prices), the extension would take around 7 years to construct. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. London Underground is therefore extending their operational life by making major repairs to many of the trains to maintain reliability. Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. Since then more lines have been [236] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. District, 5.2m per mile. The table below has a breakdown of [260][261] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. [307] The Johnston typeface was developed in upper and lower case in 1916, and a complete set of blocks, marked Johnston Sans, was made by the printers the following year. [89], Electronic ticketing in the form of the contactless Oyster card was first introduced in 2003,[90] with payment using contactless banks cards introduced in September 2014. [154][155] On 9 October 2014 TFL published a shortlist of those (Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi, CAF and Bombardier) who had expressed an interest in supplying 250 trains for between 1.0billion and 2.5billion, and on the same day opened an exhibition with a design by PriestmanGoode.

[15] This was followed by the adoption of Apple Pay in 2015[198] and Android Pay in 2016,[199] allowing payment using a contactless-enabled phone or smartwatch. [185] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. [304], The first posters used various type fonts, as was contemporary practice,[306] and station signs used sans serif block capitals. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. [10] As of 2015[update], 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares. The Central line is a London Underground line that runs through central London, from Epping, Essex, in the north-east to Ealing Broadway and West Ruislip in the west. [141], New S Stock trains have been introduced on the sub-surface (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle) lines.

Coloured red on the Tube map, the line serves 49 stations over 46 miles (74 km). The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. [132], A southern extension of the Bakerloo line from Elephant & Castle has been proposed multiple times since the line opened. [246], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation. Opened in 1863. [177] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. [135], Several other extensions have been proposed in recent years, including a further extension of the Northern line to Clapham Junction. [337], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. [241] Capacity increases have been overtaken by increased demand, and peak overcrowding has increased by 16 percent since 200405. In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. [85][86], In the early 2000s, London Underground was reorganised in a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as part of a project to upgrade and modernise the system. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile.

Coloured red on the Tube map, the line serves 49 stations over 46 miles (74 km). [32] The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898,[33] followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, known as the "twopenny tube". [279] The 100th anniversary of the roundel was celebrated in 2008 by TfL commissioning 100 artists to produce works that celebrate the design.

As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. [251] Most platforms at deep tube stations have pits, often referred to as 'suicide pits', beneath the track.

Jubilee, 9.5m per mile. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. The London Underground lines listed from longest to shortest.

In 1999, Carlton Television premiered a regional game show (Greater London area only) also called Mind the Gap. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. [293] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle). The line may also be one of the first to be upgraded, alongside the Piccadilly line, with new trains, systems and platform-edge doors to test the systems before the Central and Bakerloo lines are upgraded. Central, 5.7m per mile. Customer satisfaction with London Underground by line Q2 2019/20. [311] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. [271][272] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. [188] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. Which Tube line is most frequent? The trains have been replaced with 47 new higher-capacity 2009-stock trains. The line operates under traditional signalling and does not use Automatic Train Operation. [166][167] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[163] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night.

Use our travel tools to check your travel. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time.

There are 20 miles (32km) of cut-and-cover tunnel and 93 miles (150km) of tube tunnel. The transfer of responsibility was staged, with transfer of control of London Underground delayed until July 2003, when London Underground Limited became an indirect subsidiary of TfL. ", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Phone Theft on the Rise in London - Get Phone Repairs", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, Local rail transport in the United Kingdom, Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units, Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives, Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1148151445, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles slanted towards recent events from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2022, Articles with Structurae structure identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [334] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[335]. Under TfL, London's public transport network became more unified, with existing suburban rail lines across London upgraded and rebranded as London Overground from 2007, with the former East London line became part of the Overground network in 2010. [25] The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground "inner circle" connecting London's main-line stations. The table below has a breakdown of [106], London Underground's eleven lines total 402 kilometres (250mi) in length,[1] making it the seventh longest metro system in the world.

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