Additionally, Atapuerca 5 demonstrates features that foreshadow Neanderthals, including increased midfacial prognathism. But regionally this varies with considerable overlap between Homo erectus on the early end of the spectrum and modern Homo sapiens and Neanderthals on the latter end. WebBy emphasizing a distinction between primitive and derived traits in the reconstruction of relationships between species, several paleontologists have attempted to show that H. erectus does not make a suitable morphological ancestor for Homo sapiens. Homo erectus is the scientific name of a species of the genus Homo, that is, a hominid, belonging to the evolutionary steps prior to humanity as we know it ( homo sapiens ). Beth Shook, Katie Nelson, Kelsie Aguilera, & Lara Braff, Eds. [111], It is largely unclear when clothing was invented, with the earliest estimate stretching as far back as 3 Mya to compensate for a lack of insulating body hair. With an emphasis on teamwork, division of labor, and food sharing, hunting and gathering was a dramatically different subsistence strategy from previous modes. [133] In 2006, American anthropologist Marc Meyer and colleagues described a 1.8 Ma H. e. georgicus specimen as having a spine within the range of variation of modern human spines, contending that Turkana boy had spinal stenosis and was thus not representative of the species. Which of the following traits is NOT unique to Homo erectus? Homo rhodesiensis/heidelbergensis (incl. This species is accepted as a late example of Homo It is possible that they only knew how to maintain fires in certain settings in the landscapes and prepared food some distance away from home, meaning evidence of fire and evidence of hominin activity are spaced far apart. The brain was smaller and the teeth larger than in modern humans. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. WebOne of the traits most commonly associated with Homo erectus is an increase in body size. [53][78], Java Man's dispersal through Southeast Asia coincides with the extirpation of the giant turtle Megalochelys, possibly due to overhunting as the turtle would have been an easy, slow-moving target which could have been stored for quite some time. [68] It is known that head lice and body lice (the latter can only inhabit clothed individuals) for modern humans diverged about 170 kya, well before modern humans left Africa, meaning clothes were already well in use before encountering cold climates. 
Anthropologist Peter Brown suggested a similar reason for the unusual thickening of the modern Australian Aboriginal skull, a result of a ritual popular in central and southeast Australian tribes where adversaries would wack each other with waddies (sticks) until knockout. [9] On Java, he found a skullcap in 1891 and a femur in 1892 (Java Man) dating to the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene at the Trinil site along the Solo River, which he named Pithecanthropus erectus ("upright apeman") in 1893. [86] In East Africa between 2.0 and 1.4 Ma, carcasses of C4-grazing ungulates, particularly alcelaphins, featured increasingly prominently in the diet of these hominins. View the full answer. Size, nonetheless, ranged widely from 146185cm (4ft 9in 6ft 1in) in height and 4068kg (88150lb) in weight. 2. In the latter, H. ergaster has also been suggested to represent the immediate ancestor of H. During this period of climatic transition and fluctuation, archaic Homo sapiens mirror the challenges of their environments. Webthe quick and easy dismemberment of scavenged animal carcasses. Homo sapiens)). By contrast, Homo sapiens emerged about a third of a million years ago. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. How did the sectional 
[77] A 2011 study, assuming high energy or dietary fat requirements based on the abundance of large game animals at H. erectus sites, calculated a TEE of 2,7003,400 kcal of which 2744% derived from fat, and 4462% of the fat from animal sources. 
The Sangiran site yielded the best preserved Java Man skull. [76], Based on an average mass of 63kg (139lb) for males and 52.3kg (115lb) for females, the total energy expenditure (TEE)the amount of calories consumed in one daywas estimated to be about 2271.8 and 1909.5 kcal, respectively. Corrections? TY Some modern day nomadic tribes build similar low-lying rock walls to build temporary shelters upon, bending upright branches as poles and using grasses or animal hide as a screen. At https: //status.libretexts.org dates back to 1.2 Mya to 1.2 Mya description of the following traits is associated... 16 which of the following is NOT unique to Homo erectus the federal system //aventurasnahistoria.uol.com.br/media/_versions/homo_erectus_widemd.jpeg '', alt= '' >. Judicial systems ; the president organizes the federal system dismemberment of scavenged animal carcasses, Dentally, h. erectus and. 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[99][121][122][123] In 1976, American archeologist Alexander Marshack asserted that engraved lines on an ox rib, associated with Acheulean lithics, from Pech de l'Az, France, are similar to a meander design found in modern human Upper Paleolithic cave art.
What made it possible for Homo sapiens to migrate to 1. H. erectus had a more modern gait and body proportions, and was the first human species to have exhibited a flat face, prominent nose, and possibly sparse body hair coverage. In 1887, he enlisted in the Dutch East India Army as a medical officer, and was able to secure a post in 1887 in the Indies to search for his "missing link" in his spare time. [80], It is largely unclear what function this could have served. Showing increasing regional variation due to the need for local adaptation, there is no single archetype for this group but, rather, multiple variations; their transitional nature is one of their key defining characteristics. Genetic analysis suggests that high activity in the melanocortin 1 receptor, which would produce dark skin, dates back to 1.2 Mya.
At 6176cm (22.5ft) intervals, rocks were piled up to 1523cm (69in) high. source@https://explorations.americananthro.org, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. This in turn could imply a shift in female behaviour which made it difficult for males to maintain a harem. Oldowan lithics are also known from the site, and the two seemed to coexist for some time. Contemporary groups appear to have been interbreeding, so any phylogeny like this only gives a coarse impression of the evolution of Homo, and extinct lineage may have partially continued in other groupings. Present. sapiens. Congress organizes state judicial systems; the president organizes the federal system. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Homo erectus is the most long-lived species of Homo, having survived for almost two million years. [53], In 1999, British anthropologist Richard Wrangham proposed the "cooking hypothesis" which states that H. erectus speciated from the ancestral H. habilis because of fire usage and cooking 2 Million years ago to explain the rapid doubling of brain size between these two species in only a 500,000 year timespan, and the sudden appearance of the typical human body plan. The occipital bone often projected and the cranial bone was of intermediate thickness, somewhat reduced from Homo erectus but not nearly as thin as that of anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Angular. 
Because of this, fire usage is probably also linked to the origin of language. [13] German paleoanthropologist Franz Weidenreich provided much of the detailed description of the Chinese specimens in several monographs. 
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Archaic Homo sapiens. In 1985, biological anthropologist Gail Kennedy argued for resorption as a result of hyperparathyroidism caused by hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency), a consequence of a dietary shift to low-calcium meat. [47][48] The fossil record indicates that H. erectus was the first human species to have featured a projecting nose, which is generally thought to have evolved in response to breathing dry air in order to retain moisture. [141], The last known occurrence of Homo erectus is 117,000108,000 years ago in Ngandong, Java according to a study published in 2019. [45], Homo erectus featured a flat face compared to earlier hominins; pronounced brow ridge; and a low, flat skull. interpreted? Roach, & Richmond. [14], In 1949, the species was reported in Swartkrans Cave, South Africa, by South African paleoanthropologists Robert Broom and John Talbot Robinson, who described it as "Telanthropus capensis". It is unclear if H. erectus was anatomically capable of speech, though it is postulated they communicated using some proto-language. H. erectus males and females may have been roughly the same size as each other (i.e. The premolars and molars also have a higher frequency of pits than H. habilis, suggesting H. erectus ate more brittle foods (which cause pitting).
However, tools were likely used to process hard foods, thus affecting the chewing apparatus, and this combination may have instead increased dietary flexibility (though this does not equate to a highly varied diet). "Clavicle length, throwing performance and the reconstruction of the Homo erectus shoulder". Among these was German naturalist Ernst Haeckel, who argued that the first human species evolved on the now-disproven hypothetical continent "Lemuria" in what is now Southeast Asia, from a species he termed "Pithecanthropus alalus" ("speechless apeman"). [17], Archaic human fossils unearthed across Europe used to be assigned to H. erectus, but have since been separated as H. heidelbergensis as a result of namely British physical anthropologist Chris Stringer's work. These all indicate that the H. erectus mouth was less capable of processing hard foods and more at shearing through tougher foods, thus reducing the variety of foods it could process, likely as a response to tool use. These usually cause recurrent lower back pain and sciatica (pain running down the leg), and likely restricted Turkana boy in walking, bending, and other daily activities. Not included are other contemporary groups such as Homo floresiensis, Homo naledi, Homo luzonensis, Homo rudolfensis, Australopithecus sediba, Australopithecus africanus, and Paranthropus. The braincase was low, the forehead was receded, and the nose, jaws, and palate were wide. [15] Homo fossils have also been reported from nearby caves, but their species designation has been a tumultuous discussion. 
Use of Fire Oc. 3. A. which of the following is not a defining trait of homo erectus: Post author: Post published: April 6, 2023 Post category: is iaotp legitimate Post comments: tony adams son, oliver tony adams son, oliver [53][78], H. erectus sites frequently are associated with assemblages of medium- to large-sized game, namely elephants, rhinos, hippos, bovine, and boar. [52], Dentally, H. erectus have the thinnest enamel of any PlioPleistocene hominin. [59] Brain size in two adults from Koobi Fora measured 848 and 804cc (51.7 and 49.1cuin),[51] and another significantly smaller adult measured 691cc (42.2cuin), which could possibly indicate sexual dimorphism, though sex was undetermined.
[99] Spherical stones, measuring 612cm (2.44.7in) in diameter, are frequently found in African and Chinese Lower Paleolithic sites, and were potentially used as bolas; if correct, this would indicate string and cordage technology. Web1. [103] The first firekeepers are thought to have simply transported to caves and maintained naturally occurring fires for extended periods of time or only sporadically when the opportunity arose. To identify a set of features that is unique to the group archaic Homo sapiens is a challenging task, due to both individual variationthese developments were not all present to the same degree in all individualsand the transitional nature of their features. Transcribed image text: QUESTION 16 Which of the following is NOT associated with Homo Erectus a. Cave Paintings Ob. Ochre lumps at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzaniaassociated with the 1.4 Ma Olduvai Hominid 9and Ambrona, Spainwhich dates to 424374 kyawere suggested to have been struck by a hammerstone and purposefully shaped and trimmed. . 
ur reasoning. [40] It has also been suggested that H. ergaster instead of H. erectus, or some hybrid between the two, was the immediate ancestor of other archaic humans and modern humans. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area.
which of the following is not a defining trait of homo erectus: